Life after COVID-19 outbreak: Expectations and thoughts

Aiman Zahra, Tanveer Hussain, Sikander Khan Sherwani

Abstract


The occurrence of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic presents an unparalleled health enlightenment challenge. It’s extremely contagious and erratically lethal, and the pervasiveness of asymptomatic prevalence makes it difficult to contain. All infectious disease epidemics rear ethical concerns, from the restraint of individual independence to triaging and resource provision. It seems that we did not take lessons from the preceding epidemics and were poorly prepared to pledge with the threat that COVID-19 epidemic has put forward. The COVID-19 epidemic highlighted the significance of this query to both pandemic preparation strategies and healthcare policies. As the outbreak turned out to be a global pandemic, there is an improved emphasis on finding answers for vaccine preparation, focusing on neglected diseases, more virome study, and research collaboration across the globe in the future, being key tools to resist infection spread in future. Decelerating the COVID-19 spread necessitates people to enthusiastically transform their lives and monitor the finest practices for social isolation and sanitation. This review provides an overview of future research perceptions and offers suggestions on how we can help people to believe in normal life and how this pandemic will strengthen the trade, affect the individual habits and values, revolution in primary health care after these uncertain situations.

Keywords: COVID-19; Pandemic; Neglected diseases; Primary health; Virome


Full Text:

PDF

References


Tao Y, Shi M, Chommanard C, Queen K, Zhang J, et al. Surveillance of bat coronaviruses in Kenya identifies relatives of human coronaviruses NL63 and 229E and their recombination history. Journal of virology, (2017); 91(5): e01953-01916.

Jin YH, Cai L, Cheng ZS, Cheng H, Deng T, et al. A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version). Military Medical Research, (2020); 7(1): 4.

Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet, (2020); 395(10223): 497-506.

Zhao S, Lin Q, Ran J, Musa SS, Yang G, et al. Preliminary estimation of the basic reproduction number of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China, from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven analysis in the early phase of the outbreak. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, (2020); 92214-217.

Yang Y, Peng F, Wang R, Guan K, Jiang T, et al. The deadly coronaviruses: The 2003 SARS pandemic and the 2020 novel coronavirus epidemic in China. Journal of autoimmunity, (2020); 102434.

He Z. What further should be done to control COVID-19 outbreaks in addition to cases isolation and contact tracing measures? BMC medicine, (2020); 18(1): 1-3.

WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 – 11 March 2020, https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at the-media-briefing-on-covid-19—11-march-2020, March 11, 2020.

Chang SL, Harding N, Zachreson C, Cliff OM, Prokopenko M. Modelling transmission and control of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. arXiv preprint arXiv:200310218, (2020).

Levin BR, Bull J, Stewart FM. Epidemiology, evolution, and future of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Emerging Infectious Diseases, (2001); 7(3 Suppl): 505.

Johnson NP, Mueller J. Updating the accounts: global mortality of the 1918-1920" Spanish" influenza pandemic. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, (2002); 105-115.

Lessons from the 1918 Spanish flue pandemic, https://www.theguardian.com/news/audio/2020/mar/31/lessons-from-the-1918-spanish-flu-pandemic-podcast, March 31, 2020.

Gates B. Responding to Covid-19—a once-in-a-century pandemic? New England Journal of Medicine, (2020).

Barro RJ, Ursúa JF, Weng J (2020) The coronavirus and the great influenza pandemic: Lessons from the “spanish flu” for the coronavirus’s potential effects on mortality and economic activity. National Bureau of Economic Research. 0898-2937 0898-2937.

Brachman PS (2003) Infectious diseases—past, present, and future. International Journal of Epidemiology, (2003); 32(5): 684-686.

Lau JT, Yang X, Pang E, Tsui H, Wong E, et al. SARS-related perceptions in Hong Kong. Emerging infectious diseases, (2005); 11(3): 417.

Jones KE, Patel NG, Levy MA, Storeygard A, Balk D, et al. Global trends in emerging infectious diseases. Nature, (2008); 451(7181): 990-993.

Tomley FM, Shirley MW. Livestock infectious diseases and zoonoses. The Royal Society, (2009); 364(1530): 2637-2642.

Rosenthal SR, Ostfeld RS, McGarvey ST, Lurie MN, Smith KF. Redefining disease emergence to improve prioritization and macro-ecological analyses. One Health, (2015); 117-23.

Federsel H-Jr. Chemical process research and development in the 21st century: challenges, strategies, and solutions from a pharmaceutical industry perspective. Accounts of chemical research, (2009); 42(5): 1377.

Musa GU. COVID-19: The Global Pandemic and Cities’ Resilience| Godswill Unekwuojo Musa (GUMS), https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/covid-19-global-pandemic-cities-resilience-godswill-unekwuojo-musa/, April 2, 2020.

Organization WH. Chapter: 1, Investing to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases: third WHO report on neglected tropical diseases 2015. (2015); 3: 191 World Health Organization, 2015.

Bausch DG, Demby AH, Coulibaly M, Kanu J, Goba A, et al. Lassa fever in Guinea: I. Epidemiology of human disease and clinical observations. Vector borne and zoonotic diseases, (2001); 1(4): 269-281.

Broadhurst MJ, Brooks TJ, Pollock NR. Diagnosis of Ebola virus disease: past, present, and future. Clinical microbiology reviews, (2016); 29(4): 773-793.

Nooij S, Schmitz D, Vennema H, Kroneman A, Koopmans MP. Overview of virus metagenomic classification methods and their biological applications. Frontiers in microbiology, (2018); 9: 749.

Thomas-Rüddel D, Winning J, Dickmann P, Ouart D, Kortgen A, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): update for anesthesiologists and intensivists March 2020. Der Anaesthesist, (2020); 69(4), 225-235.

Adalja AA, Toner E, Inglesby TV. Priorities for the US health community responding to COVID-19. Jama, (2020); 323(14):1343-1344.

Kolifarhood G, Aghaali M, Saadati HM, Taherpour N, Rahimi S, et al. Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects of COVID-19; a Narrative Review. Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine, (2020); 8(1): 1-9.

Lie SA, Wong SW, Wong LT, Wong TGL, Chong SY. Practical considerations for performing regional anesthesia: lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie, (2020); 67: 885-892.

Pambuccian SE. The COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for the cytology laboratory. Journal of the American Society of Cytopathology, (2020); 9(3): 202-211.

Yamey G, Schäferhoff M, Hatchett R, Pate M, Zhao F, et al. Ensuring global access to COVID-19 vaccines. The Lancet, (2020); 395(10234): 1405-1406.

Lurie N, Saville M, Hatchett R, Halton J. Developing COVID-19 vaccines at pandemic speed. New England Journal of Medicine, (2020); 382(21), 1969-1973.

Ahmed SF, Quadeer AA, McKay MR. Preliminary identification of potential vaccine targets for the COVID-19 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) based on SARS-CoV immunological studies. Viruses, (2020); 12(3): 254.

Adhikari SP, Meng S, Wu YJ, Mao YP, Ye RX, et al. Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak period: a scoping review. Infectious diseases of poverty, (2020); 9(1): 1-12.

Sah R, Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Jha R, Chu DK, Gu H, et al. Complete Genome Sequence of a 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Strain Isolated in Nepal. Microbiology Resource Announcements, (2020); 9(11): 1-3.

Sheridan C. Coronavirus and the race to distribute reliable diagnostics. Nat Biotechnology, (2020); 38(4): 382-384.

Busta ER, Mancher M, Cuff PA, McAdam K, Keusch G, et al. Chapter: 5. Strengthening Capacity for Response and Research. Integrating Clinical Research into Epidemic Response: The Ebola Experience: 2020; National Academies Press (US).

Negahdaripour M. The Battle Against COVID-19: Where Do We Stand Now? Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences, (2020); 45(2): 81.

Wong JE, Leo YS, Tan CC. COVID-19 in Singapore—current experience: critical global issues that require attention and action. Jama, (2020); 323(13): 1243-1244.

Fuchs C. Everyday Life and Everyday Communication in Coronavirus Capitalism. tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society, (2020); 18(1): 375-399.

Ardan, M., Rahman, F. F., & Geroda, G. B. The influence of physical distance to student anxiety on COVID-19, Indonesia. Journal of Critical Reviews, (2020); 7(17): 1126-1132.

Keesara S, Jonas A, Schulman K. Covid-19 and Health Care’s Digital Revolution. New England Journal of Medicine, (2020); 382(23): e82(1)-e82(3).

Chesbrough, H. To recover faster from Covid-19, open up: Managerial implications from an open innovation perspective. Industrial Marketing Management, (2020); 88: 410-413.

Sharma, P., Leung, T. Y., Kingshott, R. P., Davcik, N. S., & Cardinali, S. Managing uncertainty during a global pandemic: An international business perspective. Journal of Business Research, (2020); 116: 188-192.

Hirschmann, M. T., Hart, A., Henckel, J., Sadoghi, P., Seil, R., & Mouton, C. COVID-19 coronavirus: recommended personal protective equipment for the orthopaedic and trauma surgeon. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, (2020); 28(6): 1690-1698.

Emanuel EJ, Persad G, Upshur R, Thome B, Parker M, et al. (2020) Fair allocation of scarce medical resources in the time of Covid-19.The New Journal of Medicine. 2020; 382: 2049-2055.

Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Jama, (2020); 323(13): 1239-1242.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.62940/als.v7i4.985

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.