Pathological and Biochemical Methods for Detection of Uranium Pollution in the Diyala-bridge Region, Iraq

Hashim M. Obaid, Bushra I. Al. Kaisi

Abstract


Background: The present study comprised two distinct experiments. The first experiment involved a field survey conducted in the Diyala Bridge area of Baghdad, Iraq, spanning from December 2021 to May 2022. Soil, milk, and blood samples were collected from locally grazed cattle to ascertain uranium concentrations. In the second experiment, rats were subjected to poisoning with Uranyl acetate. Upon completion of the experiment, samples of liver, kidneys, and blood were collected for histopathological and biochemical analyses.

Methods: Twenty-four albino male rats were divided equally and randomly into two groups i.e., control group and intoxicated group. Uranyl acetate was given daily for 120 days by 0.05 mg/kg to the latter group. At the end of the experiment liver and kidney sample were taken for histopathological examination and stained by Masson-trichrome stain.

Results: The finding of eosin and hematoxylin stain and biochemical assay for CuZn-SOD U/mg and catalase K/mg protein were showed significantly elevated while liver tissue showed necrosis atrophy atherosclerosis cirrhosis and carcinoma characterized by irregular cell mitotic figure extensive fibrous tissue, tissue kidney presented interstitial hemorrhage and multiple granuloma.

Conclusion: Intoxicant by Uranyl acetate showed significant elevating for CuZn-SOD U/mg and catalase K/mg protein, in contrast liver tissue showed necrosis atrophy atherosclerosis cirrhosis and carcinoma, tissue kidney presented interstitial hemorrhage and multiple granulomas.

Keywords: Uranyl acetate; Granuloma; Xenobiotic; Granuloma 


Full Text:

PDF

References


Humadi A, Sabeeh I, Al-Kaisei I, Al-Ezzy I. Toxicopathological and Biochemical impacts of 2, 3, 7, 8 Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-Dioxin (TCDD) on liver of Albino male rats. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, (2021); 1(13): 2536-2543

Balaram A, Rani A, Rathore D. Uranium in groundwater in parts of India and world: A comprehensive review of sources, impact to the environment and human health, analytical techniques, and

mitigation technologies. Geosystems and Geoenvironment, (2022); 1(2):100043

Brugge D, Jamie L, deLemos L, Beth O. Exposure pathways and health effects associated with chemical and radiological toxicity of natural uranium: a review. Reviews on environmental health, (2005); 20(3): 177-194.‏

AL-Tameemi H. Radiological and chemical hazards of public exposure to uranium-235 at Al-Twaitha nuclear research site. Iraqi Journal Biotechnol, (2010); 9(2): 226-38.‏

Priest D. Toxicity of depleted uranium. The Lancet, (2001); 357(9252): 244-246.‏

Cooper R, Stradling N, Smith H. The behaviour of uranium-233 oxide and uranyl-233 nitrate in rats. International Journal of Radiation Biology and Related Studies in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine (1982); 41(4): 421-433.‏

Patocka J. Human health and environmental uranium. Military Medical Science Letters, (2014); 83.3: 120-131.‏

Craft S, Abu-Qare W, Flaherty M, Garofolo C, Rincavage L, Abou-Donia B. Depleted and natural uranium: chemistry and toxicological effect. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, (2004); 7(4) : 297_317

Hartmann M, Frederick A, Halil A. Overview of toxicity data and risk assessment methods for evaluating the chemical effects of depleted uranium compounds. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, (2000); 6.5: 851-874.‏

Kozlova D, Matyukha V, Dedov N. Mechanism and kinetics of thermal decomposition of uranyl nitrate hexahydrate under the nonisothermal conditions. Radiochemistry, (2007); 49.2: 130-134.‏

Heffernan E, Lodwick C, Spitz H, Neton J, Soldano M. Solubility of airborne uranium compounds at the Fernald Environmental Management Project. Health Physics, (2001); 80(3): 255-262.‏

Al-Shammari M. Environmental pollutions associated to conflicts in Iraq and related health problems. Reviews on environmental health, (2016); 31(2): 245-250.‏

Aziz. A, Majed M, & Tawfiq F. Evaluation of Uranium Concentration in the Blood of Cancer Patients in Salah Al-Din Governorate. Tikrit Journal of Pure Science, (2021); 26(2): 94-97.‏

Hassan A. Determination of uranium in fishes samples from selected regions in Iraq using neutron activation technique for nuclear track detectors. AL-Qadisiyah Journal of pure Science, (2017); 22(2): 47-59.‏

Domingo L, Ortega A, Paternain L, Corbella J. Evaluation of the perinatal and postnatal effects of uranium in mice upon oral administration. Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal, (1989); 44(6): 395-398.‏

Humadi A, Bushra I, Taghreed H. Acrylonitrile testicular seminoma in beagle male dogs (Pathological and Hormonal assay). Plant Archives, (2020); 20(1): 1903-1909

Ciftci O, Sadettin T, Ahmet G. Protective effect of curcumin on immune system and body weight gain on rats intoxicated with 2, 3, 7, 8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, (2010); 32(1): 99-104.‏

Damiano S, Longobardi C, Andretta E, Prisco F, Piegari G, Squillacioti C, Ciarcia R. Antioxidative effects of curcumin on the hepatotoxicity induced by Ochratoxin A in rats. Antioxidants, (2021); 10(1): 125.‏

Henry J, Cannon D, Winkelman W. Clinical chemistry. Principles and techniques,2nd Edition, Harper and Row, Hagerstown, (1974); 525-527

Humadi A, Bushra I, Marah S. Pathological and hormonal effects of 2, 3, 7, 8- Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) Versus antioxidant activity of Curcumin in Sprague dawley male rats. Veterinary Practitioner, (2020); 21(2): 439-443

Duncan B. "Multiple range and multiple F tests." Biometrics, (1955); 11(1): 1-42.‏

Brown J. Reconstructing the environment in Iraq. Environmental health perspectives, (2004); 112(8): A464-A464.‏

Katsoyiannis A, Hug J, Ammann A, Zikoudi A, Hatziliontos C. Arsenic speciation and uranium concentrations in drinking water supply wells in Northern Greece: correlations with redox indicative parameters and implications for groundwater treatment." Science of the Total Environment, (2007); 383(1-3): 128-140.‏

Claiborne P. Handbook of methods for oxygen radical research. Florida: CRC Press, Boca Raton, (1985); 283-284.‏

Jeambrun M, Pourcelot L, Mercat C, Boulet B, Loyen J, Cagnat X, Gauthier-Lafaye F. Study on transfers of uranium, thorium and decay products from grain, water and soil to chicken meat and egg contents. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, (2012); 14(8): 2170-2180.‏

Dublineau I, Grison S, Baudelin C, Dudoignon N, Souidi M, Marquette C, Gourmelon P. Absorption of uranium through the entire gastrointestinal tract of the rat. International journal of radiation biology, (2005); 81(6): 473-482.‏

Racine R, Gueguen Y, Gourmelon P, Veyssiere G, Souidi M. Modifications of the expression of genes involved in cerebral cholesterol metabolism in the rat following chronic ingestion of depleted uranium. Journal of molecular neuroscience, (2009); 38(2): 159-165.‏

Mohammed A, Eyad A. The biochemical and histological effects of uranyl acetate in male New Zealand rabbits. Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences, (2015); 14(2): 25-30

Arfsten P, Kenneth R, Glenn R. Review of the effects of uranium and depleted uranium exposure on reproduction and fetal development. Toxicology and industrial health, (2001); 17(5-10): 180-191.‏

Fukuda S, Ikeda M, Nakamura M, Yan X, Xie Y. Acute toxicity of subcutaneously administered depleted uranium and the effects of CBMIDA in the simulated wounds of rats. Health physics, (2009); 96(4): 483-492.‏

Asrani K, Larson J, Yawn B, Therneau M, Kim R. Underestimation of liver-related mortality in the United States. Gastroenterology, (2013); 145(2): 375-382.‏

Wanless R, Eisuke N, Morris S. Regression of human cirrhosis: morphologic features and the genesis of incomplete septal cirrhosis. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine, (2000); 124(11): 1599-1607.‏

Shim S, Park H, Ahn J, Han L, Jin R, Li H, Shim K. Testosterone‐independent down‐regulation of Oct2 in the kidney medulla from a uranyl nitrate‐induced rat model of acute renal failure: Effects on distribution of a model organic cation, tetraethylammonium. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, (2009); 98(2): 739-747.‏

Sun F, Fujigaki Y, Fujimoto T, Goto T, Yonemura K, Hishida A. Relation of distal nephron changes to proximal tubular damage in uranyl acetate-induced acute renal failure in rats. American journal of nephrology, (2002); 5-6(22): 405-416.‏

Hamid J. Uranyl nitrate induce histological changes in the kidney. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, (2012); 12(4): 9-13.‏

Banday A, Priyamvada S, Farooq N, Yusufi K, Khan F. Effect of uranyl nitrate on enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism and brush border membrane in different kidney tissues. Food and chemical toxicology, (2008); 46(6): 2080-2088.




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.62940/als.v11i1.2496

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.