Methods: The experimental animals used were 24 male rats aged 21 days which were divided into six treatment groups. The negative control group was conducted sham surgery and it was given aquadest orally for 18 days (K-1) and 36 days (K-2). Meanwhile, the positive control group was induced by cryptorchid surgery and it was given aquadest orally for 18 days (K+1) and 36 days (K+2). Moreover, the treatment group was induced by surgical induction of cryptorchidism and treated with methanol extract of cloves at a dose of 70 mg/kg BW orally for 18 day (P+1) and 36 days (P+2). Vimentin immunostaining was evaluated by using the Index Remmele Scale (IRS) scoring method. Furthermore, data analysis by using Kruskal Wallis followed by Mann Whitney test.

Results: The treatment group variables give a significant difference (p<0.05) on the expression of Vimentin, but no significant difference is found between the variable days of treatment and the treatment group on the expression of Vimentin.

Conclusion: The addition of cloves methanol extract can reduce the expression of Vimentin in the testes of rats with unilateral cryptorchidism model. 

Methods: Forty subjects with an age range of 20–82 years, 30 with lymphomas (Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin), and 10 with no lymphomas were analyzed. The tissue blocks were tested for EBER-EBV and PP65-CMV viruses using the in-situ hybridization (ISH) technique with the aid of kits of specific probes for viruses. Also, immunological markers such as CD markers were investigated using immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Results: In the Iraqi Al-Muthanna governorate Lymphoma cases rose notably among people beyond sixty. Hodgkin lymphoma cases were found more often than non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases, with a predominance of females in both types. The results of HCMV and EBV detection illustrated a higher prevalence of these viruses, especially in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, accompanied by related immunological changes in lymphoma patients than in the lymphoma-free group.

Conclusions: In Al-Muthanna province, Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas were slightly increased in females, along with more prevalent HCMV and EBV infections. 

Methods: Blood samples from patients with renal failure and iron deficiency were subjected to LIBS analysis, with results compared to samples from healthy individuals. LIBS involves directing a high-energy laser onto the sample, generating plasma that emits distinctive spectral lines. The elemental composition of the sample can be determined by analyzing these lines.

Results: Statistically significant differences in the initial composition of blood samples were observed between patients with renal failure and iron deficiency, as opposed to those from healthy individuals. Specific elemental markers indicative of renal failure in iron-deficient patients were identified through LIBS analysis.

Conclusion: This study suggests that LIBS holds promise as a cost-effective and efficient diagnostic tool for detecting renal failure in iron-deficient patients. The identification of specific elemental markers offers potential for targeted diagnostic interventions, emphasizing the clinical utility of LIBS in the realm of renal health assessment. 

Methods: Thirty Hypoparathyroidism patients with age range 21-74 years with (20 female and 10 male) were attending international Baghdad Medical Hospital, during the period from December 2019 to February 2021 and thirty apparently healthy were chosen as healthy control groups respectively. For these two study groups, the blood samples were collected to evaluate the serum level of serum phosphorus, calcitonin, Calcium, Vitamin D3, DsDNA and ANA. The type of kits used for serum DsDNA and ANA in humans were an indirect enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and the kits for serum level of serum Vitamin D3 and calcitonins were a sandwich ELISA. Finally, these kits for the calcium and phosphorus inorganic Colorimetric method were used.

Results: Using Student's t-test, the present study's data revealed a statistically significant difference in the mean of age group cases and controls (P=0.005), as well as a statistically significant difference in serum mean values of each Serum phosphorus (P=0.005), calcitonin (P=0.005), calcium (P=0.002), and vitamin D3 centration (P=0.005) between these two groups . By using Chi-square test sex was not significant between hypoparathyroid and control (P=0.787) and DsDNA was not significantly more positive in hypoparathyroid subjects than control (P=0.112); while ANA was significant (P=0.024).

Conclusion: The study sheds light on the necessity to screen the hypo parathyroid patients for vitamin D, calcium and phosphorous levels and calcitonin for better prognosis of patients and for each of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and double strand DNA (DsDNA). 

Methods: The main method used in the study was a field experiment combined with laboratory analysis. Measurements of plant density were carried out in the spring before each harvesting of cover crops and sainfoin. In the course of the study, phenological and morphological observations, accounting, and evaluation of the quality of sainfoin were carried out. The structure of the herbage was evaluated according to the following indicators: plant density, plant height, leafiness, and the area of the assimilation surface of grasses. Measurements were carried out in spring before each harvesting of grasses. Height measurements were based on the phases of plant development.

Results: Final yield data show that fertilizers have a significant impact. Thus, the yield of sainfoin and cover crops in 2019 (in the first year of the experiment) was: 4.7 t/ha for variant 8 and 4.5 t/ha for the control variant. In 2020 and 2021, the yield of experimental variant 8 exceeded that of the control variant. Statistical processing of the results of the experiment confirms the positive effect of fertilizers on the yield.

Conclusions: The best results were achieved with the use of 30 t/ha of organic fertilizers + N60 P60 K40. 

Methods: The population in this study were all farmer households in Samaulue Village. The number of research samples was 50 rice farmer households. The method of determining the sample using a simple random sampling. The analytical method used in exploring the potential for local wisdom values in supporting food security is a qualitative descriptive method and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). This research is a qualitative research.

Results: There are three forms of local wisdom that were carried out before planting, three during the provision of seeds and the initial planting, and the traditions before harvest and harvest that are still being carried out are two. The dimensions of food security from the aspect of food availability, people rely on the availability of food that comes from their land, buying at local markets or rice selling kiosks or at rice mills in their area; in terms of food access, the main food needs of the families are fulfilled from agricultural products, while for additional food needs and daily needs are available in stalls or shops and kiosks; lastly for the food absorption dimension, the families underwent a pattern of eating three times a day.

Conclusion: Local wisdom which refers to local culture in rice farming production activities includes: tudang sipulung, mappalili and mappammula (pre-planting activities), mampo and mappammula mattaneng (seed provision and initial planting activities). The form of local wisdom is preparing food reserves in the household because the tradition of mappatala (eating together), pamali (not allowed) to empty the rice container (pabbarassengeng) in the house and has brought the rice field agro-ecosystem community never experiencing hunger, even though there is a scarcity of rice. 

Methods: A pre-experimental group with pre-and post-test design was conducted from January 2022 to March 2022. Totally 200 Participants were selected using a non-probability purposive sampling technique. The questionnaire was prepared using the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) and World Health Organization guidelines.

Results: Of the 199 participants, 91% had a family history of smoking, and 78.4% started smoking between the ages of 22–23. Most participants (48.2%) smoked 2–5 cigarettes per day. The mean knowledge score increased in the pretest from 4.49 (1.787) to post-test 17.5 (1.07), with a mean difference of 6.237. In perception, the maximum score was 55, while the mean score significantly increased from 21.65 (3.21) to 49.78 (2.69) in the post-test. Therefore, the educational intervention successfully improved both knowledge and perceptions of smoking.

Conclusion: Most participants had a family history of smoking and started smoking at a young age. This study highlights the need for increased awareness and education regarding the harmful effects of smoking and the development of strategies for smoking cessation. 

Methods: 200 quails (Coturnix japonica), aged 20 weeks, were used in this study. They were kept in 20 battery cage units, each with 10 quails inside. The analysis was carried out using a completely randomized design with 5 treatment rations and 4 replications. The treatment rations were R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 using 0, 10, 15, 20, and 25% FSMD respectively, which were prepared based on 20% iso-protein and 2800 kcal/kg iso-calorie. Feed consumption, egg production, egg mass, feed conversion, egg weight, shell thickness, and quail yolk color were among the variables that were observed.

Results: According to the results of the analysis of variance, feed consumption, egg production, egg mass, feed conversion, egg weight, and shell thickness were all unaffected by the use of FSMD (P >0.05). Additionally, there was a strong correlation between parameters under the treatment effect, with the exception of egg thickness.

Conclusion: The optimum level of fermented soybean milk dregs was 25% level in quail rations. 

Methods: Three groups of six male rats each were utilized as follows: control (distilled water),  H. sabdariffa (500 mg/kg aqueous extract), and S. officinalis (500 mg/kg aqueous extract). Blood, epididymis. Testis and serum samples were gathered after 30 days for biochemical analysis, sperm characteristics, and histological evaluations.

Results: Compared to the control and S. officinalis groups, H. sabdariffa caused a significant reduction in body weight (BW) and percent BW gain (%BWG). Relative to the control rats, the two extracts dramatically reduced testicular weight, sperm motility, concentration, and viability while raising abnormalities. Furthermore, the herbal extract groups demonstrated a significant decrease in blood testosterone levels while increasing serum prolactin, FSH, and LH levels. Consumption of both herbs also caused testicular histological changes such as degenerated seminiferous tubules, with a diminished number of mature spermatozoa in the tubular lumen, reduced diameter of seminiferous tubules, and the presence of exfoliated cells in the tubular lumen.

Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the aqueous extracts of H. sabdariffa and S. officinalis may negatively impact male fertility. However, more research is needed to validate these findings and investigate the mechanistic components of these impacts. 

Methods: This study focuses on the development of gerodietic cookies, a pastry product enriched with key additives—phytolin, collagen hydrolysate, and trehalose. Organoleptic and physicochemical parameters of the cookies were evaluated using standard techniques. The formulated cookies aim to support collagen-containing tissues' health, reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, and lower the product's glycemic index while maintaining an appealing taste and texture.

Results: The synergistic effects of phytolin, collagen hydrolysate, and trehalose in the gerodietic cookies contribute to their potential health benefits. The study determined the optimal composition of these additives, ensuring their effectiveness and overall product quality. The enriched cookies displayed favorable characteristics, including uniform porosity, pleasant aroma, and taste, meeting the established standards for alkalinity, moisture content, and wetness.

Conclusion: Developing gerodietic cookies with scientifically justified formulations offers a promising approach to address the dietary needs of the elderly population. These cookies have the potential to support collagen-rich tissues, mitigate the risk of type 2 diabetes, and provide a tasty and nutritious addition to the diet of older adults. This research contributes to the growing field of gerodietic nutrition, offering innovative solutions to promote healthy aging through dietary choices.

Methods: Totally, 30 Albino Swiss male mice were selected and divided equally into 6 groups; negative control (no drug administered), positive control (received a single 20 mg/kg dosage of MTX, in addition to four treated groups; group 1: Vitamin C 50 mg/kg, group 2: ferrlecit 30 mg/kg, group 3: Vitamin C + MTX and group 4: ferrlecit + MTX. Samples were collected 48 hr. following the last dose of the medication. Smears were collected and Giemsa-stained. To analyze micronuclei, 1000 polychromatic erythrocytes (PECs) were counted in each animal.

Results: MTX increased cytotoxicity in the bone marrow, which was shown by a marked increase in MN formation in contrast to control. Statistically substantial decreases in percentage of micronuclei were seen in both combination pretreatment groups (MTX and Vit C) and (MTX and Fe) in comparison to mice given MTX alone. Ferrlecit was less efficient than vitamin C at preventing MTX-induced micronuclei.

Conclusion: This study concluded that the combination pretreatment has a considerable anti-toxicity impact on genetic damage. This therapeutic approach may be beneficial for future clinical cancer therapy. 

Method: The researchers conducted a molecular genetic analysis of the gene sequences of the nodular dermatitis virus to assess the variability of the virus. The authors used the GenBank database to compare sequences and used the MEGA X program for phylogenetic analysis and sequence alignment.

Results: The sequences of the nodular dermatitis virus closest to the Russian genetic variants have been determined. The volumes of available epizootiological and molecular genetic data were compared, and the circulation of the vaccine strain was confirmed.

Conclusion: The article emphasizes the need to increase the availability of data on the genetic sequences of Russian samples to fully characterize the genetic diversity of the nodular dermatitis virus. Despite the limited data, the authors observed a tendency to increase genetic diversity. They recommend isolating and storing the virus in the cell culture to enhance genetic information. 

Methods: A total of 53 bacterial samples were isolated from the reproductive tract of healthy women. Out of these 53 samples, 21 isolates of Lactobacillus spp. were obtained. Dextransucrase production was assessed using both the mucoid and spectrophotometric techniques. The effects of natural carbon, nitrogen sources, concentrations of nitrogen, protein, and sucrose, inoculum size, pH, temperature, and incubation time were evaluated to determine the optimal conditions.

Results: The findings showing that Lactobacillus acidophilus isolates produced more dextransucrase than isolates of Lactobacillus plantarum, with Lactobacillus acidophilus V19 being the strongest producer isolate due to its highest specific activity. The best conditions for producing dextransucrase were to use a dextransucrase production medium that underwent incubation at 37°C for 48 hours at pH 5.5, with a concentration of 6% sucrose, and 4% inoculum size. The most efficient source of nitrogen was 6% beef extract, and the best source of carbon was dates. At this point, the dextransucrase activity was at its highest.

Conclusion: The findings of the study revealed that the optimal conditions for dextransucrase production are a pH of 5.5, 4% inoculum size, 6% dates extract as a carbon source, 6% beef extract as a nitrogen source, and 48 hours of incubation at 37°C. 

Methods: Virtual screening based on structure, docking, & molecular dynamics approaches were adopted to identify potential lead molecules against UvrD-like helicase of Leishmania donovani from the MCULE database. Lipinski rule of five, N/O atoms (1-15), number of rings (1-2), HBDs (4-5), and HBAs (5-10) were applied as initial filters of SBVS. AutoDock Vina and GROMACS packages were used for docking and MD simulations, respectively. 

Results: Initial filters of SBVS workflow yielded 93885 ligand hits out of 100 plus million investigational ligands. Following the toxicology test, 28 ligands were gotten that were additional reduced to molecules (17) when accepted done the BOILED Egg model of the ADME. Six molecules were shortlisted with zero violation compliance of drug-likeness further than Lipinski RO5 viz., Egan, Veber, Muegge, Ghose, & bioavailability score having ΔG (-6.7 to -7.4 kcalmol-1) lesser than reference inhibitor miltefosine (-4.9 kcalmol^-1). The stability of MCULE-5754880195-0-2 was found to be greater than the known inhibitor and ligand molecules mentioned above.

Conclusion:  MCULE-5754880195-0-2 has all therapeutic features by way of an admirable oral drug molecule & could be encouraging in Leishmaniasis prevention & treatment.

Methods: Numerous tools (SMART, Pfam, InterProScan and Scan Prosite, BepiPred-2.0 server, I-TASSER, PROCHECK, phyre 2, protparam, and GPS 6.0) were used to elaborate the content in this publication.

Results:  The results show that HABD (187 amino acids) is a DEAH-Box RNA helicase. We also used the Ramachandran plot to validate the epitope peptides and structure modeling. We also discovered the amino acid composition and various residues/parentages in the HABD protein phosphorylation site prediction and PK-specific phosphorylation sites (p-sites). 

Conclusion: The helicase ATP binding domain (HABD), HABD protein ATP binding sites, and epitope binding peptides are discussed in this work. There are five atoms in total: nitrogen, sulfur, hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen. Hydrogen atoms (1476) provide the most to the composition. We created a graph representing the protein's predicted phosphorylation sites (p-sites). Aside from the standard statistics, GPS 6.0 may identify PK-specific p-sites hierarchically. GPS 6.0 could be a valuable service for further phosphorylation study.  

Methods: The research involved amplifying and sequencing three pivotal genes associated with hypoxia adaptation: Hif-1a, VEGFa, and VHL. Advanced genomic techniques were utilized to analyze samples from 22 volunteers, 10 from the sea level region of Jeddah and 12 from the high-altitude region of Taif. The study aimed to identify and analyze single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these genes and their implications in altitude adaptation.

Results: Distinct SNPs were identified in the Hif-1a, VEGFa, and VHL genes, with high-altitude residents displaying more pronounced variations. The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated clear genetic clustering based on altitude, highlighting the molecular adaptations induced by altitude variations. The study reveals a complex interplay between genetics and environmental conditions, significantly contributing to our understanding of human adaptation to high altitudes.

Conclusion: This research underscores the profound impact of altitude on human genetics. The findings provide critical insights into how genetic variations facilitate adaptation to challenging environmental conditions, such as hypoxia, encountered at high altitudes. These insights have broad implications, potentially informing medical research related to altitude sickness and other altitude-related health issues. 

Methods: The investigation involved the randomization of 400 mg of HCQ intervention in 91 pregnant women attending a monthly clinic at the Wenzhou TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University.

Results: According to the results, HCQ results in positive pregnancy outcomes, with improving rates of live births with continued use of the medication. At the same time, the results produced significant safety issues, including HCQ deposition in the retina and ocular toxicity. An investigation of HCQ's effects on the retinal nerve fiber layer measurements, ganglion cell layer measurements, and the inner plexiform layer measurements revealed a dynamic trend.

Conclusion: We did not obtain conclusive outcomes regarding HCQ's effects on the changes in retinal measurements. However, the deposition of HCQ in the retina and the resulting vision loss, especially loss of color vision, stood out. These outcomes represent the safety and therapeutic effects of HCQ in pregnancy, posing concerns and creating the need for further studies. Interestingly, none of these outcomes were related to or dependent on the participants' age. 

Methods: The study involved 24 dogs diagnosed with leptospirosis and a control group of 22 healthy dogs. Clinical assessments were conducted, and scores on the PIRO and SAPS scales were assigned within 24 hours of admission. Statistical analyses, including correlation and regression, were employed to evaluate the relationship between scale scores and disease outcomes.

Results: In dogs with leptospirosis, SAPS scale scores exhibited a strong positive correlation with disease outcomes, indicating a robust association. Scores on the SAPS scale were associated with the severity of the disease, with specific score ranges indicative of a moderate, severe, or fatal outcome. The PIRO scale also demonstrated a substantial correlation with SAPS scores and disease prognosis. In cases where the immune system was compromised, protective mechanisms activated with a delay, increasing the risk of fatality.

Conclusion: The PIRO and SAPS scales provide valuable tools for assessing the severity and predicting the outcome of leptospirosis in dogs. These scales offer clinicians a means to promptly evaluate the risk of physiological disruptions and sepsis complications in dogs with leptospirosis, ultimately aiding in clinical decision-making and treatment planning. 

Methods: The research was carried out in the Molecular Genetics Laboratory at the College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Diyala, Iraq. A total of 40 plant samples were collected from various places in Iraq, with 10 samples obtained for each species. The pliable specimens were enclosed in nylon pouches, stored in the refrigerator, and conveyed to the laboratory for the explicit objective of DNA extraction, with the subsequent data being duly documented. The molecular systematic research on Apioideae has involved international collaboration. The ongoing investigations will focus on analyzing the remaining 200 or so genera that have not been reviewed previously, particularly those that have been difficult to classify phylogenetically. Additionally, the current tribes and clades will be re-examined and improved. The current and upcoming updates to all of these well-known groups, which will include both molecular and morphological information, will finally lead to the creation of a new classification for the subfamily.

Results: The results demonstrated a distinction in nucleotide sequences of the Matk gene across two genera as well as between species belonging to the same genus. Specifically, there were variations in the arrangement of 20 amino acids. The pH value of 14.03 was recorded as the maximum for citric acid in G. daucoides.

Conclusion: The commonality lies in the relative quantities of certain amino acids. Members of the same genus, as well as people belonging to the same species. 

Methods: Here in this study, 2706 phytochemicals from the Biopurify Phytochemicals subsets of the ZINC database were computationally screened against the active sites of HK2 and GLS1 proteins using Autodock vina. The docking poses and interaction analysis were examined using the Discovery Studio visualizer.

Results: The compounds ZINC8234294, ZINC49888756, ZINC95627883, ZINC4096846, ZINC4098366 and ZINC49823084 interacted strongly with the majority of the active site residues of both HK2 and GLS1 proteins. The interactions of these compounds with HK2 and GLS1 were found to be facilitated by various aspects of the interactions, including the Ligand SASA, the total number of favorable and unfavorable interactions, the charge, and the number of hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds formed during the interaction.

Conclusion: Targeting HK2 and GLS1, these compounds could serve as potential drug candidates for metabolic reprogramming in RA. Given that the current study is based on in silico analysis, experimental validation is necessary. 

Methods: A dataset comprising 801 images from 61 camels aged 12-15 months was subjected to analysis using YOLOv7 (You Only Look Once, volume 7), a Machine learning model. Subsequently, the YOLOv7 algorithm's efficacy in distinguishing between healthy and ringworm-infected camels was evaluated.

Results: The YOLOv7 algorithm demonstrated robust capability in accurately identifying ringworm-infected skin and distinguishing it from healthy skin in camels. Validation set results revealed an average precision (AP) of 0.944, indicating high effectiveness in discriminating between normal and infected skin. Furthermore, the algorithm exhibited proficiency in classifying the severity of skin infection among the identified cases. Of the 61 camels analyzed, 36 were found to be infected, representing an incidence rate of 59%. These infected camels were further categorized into groups based on the severity of infection, with 6 classifieds as mild (<50 infection spots), 5 as moderate (50-100 spots), and 25 as severe (>100 spots).

Conclusion: The YOLOv7 model emerges as a dependable tool for the identification and classification of camel ringworm infections. Its implementation incorporated in farm surveillance and notification system holds promise for early detection of such issues and effective monitoring of camels kept under farm conditions in remote areas. 

Methods: In this study, natural compounds from the ZINC database were screened against the PTP1B protein using the PyRx 0.8 tool. The physicochemical and drug-likeness characteristics of the top five screened compounds were investigated using the SwissADME web tool.

Results: The compounds ZINC899884, ZINC56981, ZINC252509722, ZINC1843029, and ZINC21789 interacted and bound with PTP1B protein strongly, and their binding energies were higher than those of the control compounds. Furthermore, these compounds have good druglike properties.

Conclusion: This study suggests that these compounds can be used as PTP1B inhibitors for diabetes management. However, additional experimental studies are needed to optimize them as PTP1B inhibitors. 

Methods: After screening dozens of cases attending local clinics, we selected the suspected cases for additional tests and verification. Furthermore, all cases were inspected for postmortem changes and samples were collected from mouth and pharynx for microscopic examination and DNA isolation. We selected fifteen clinically suspected cases that have shown positive microscopic results. DNA samples were PCR amplified for the ITS-rDNA region, followed by sequencing and Phylogenetic analysis.

Results: Our research unveiled consistent manifestations among all positively diagnosed cases. Direct examination through wet mount smears revealed the presence of the parasite. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic investigation identified the B strain of the T. gallinae parasite in domestic pigeons within Basrah province, Iraq. This strain exhibited only two haplotypes in the region,  haplotype 1 and  haplotype 2. Furthermore, our study documented the prevalence of the B genotype of T. gallinae in domestic pigeons across various countries, including China, Iraq, Iran, and Saudi Arabia.

Conclusion: The verification of T. gallinae infection in domestic pigeons was achieved through a PCR technique that utilized the ITS rDNA region as a genetic marker. Furthermore, the application of haplotype network analysis provided evidence supporting the categorization of the T. gallinae parasite in domestic pigeons as belonging to the B strain. 

Methods: After screening dozens of cases attending local clinics, we selected the suspected cases for additional tests and verification. Furthermore, all cases were inspected for postmortem changes and samples were collected from mouth and pharynx for microscopic examination and DNA isolation. We selected fifteen clinically suspected cases that have shown positive microscopic results. DNA samples were PCR amplified for the ITS-rDNA region, followed by sequencing and Phylogenetic analysis.

Results: Our research unveiled consistent manifestations among all positively diagnosed cases. Direct examination through wet mount smears revealed the presence of the parasite. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic investigation identified the B strain of the T. gallinae parasite in domestic pigeons within Basrah province, Iraq. This strain exhibited only two haplotypes in the region,  haplotype 1 and  haplotype 2. Furthermore, our study documented the prevalence of the B genotype of T. gallinae in domestic pigeons across various countries, including China, Iraq, Iran, and Saudi Arabia.

Conclusion: The verification of T. gallinae infection in domestic pigeons was achieved through a PCR technique that utilized the ITS rDNA region as a genetic marker. Furthermore, the application of haplotype network analysis provided evidence supporting the categorization of the T. gallinae parasite in domestic pigeons as belonging to the B strain. 

Methods: In this study, potential α-amylase inhibitors were identified using virtual screening approaches, with a focus on bioactive compounds derived from Zingiber officinale. A comprehensive screening of 383 compounds was performed against the α-amylase active site. Following that, 14 compounds were identified as having greater binding energy efficacy than the control compounds.

Results: The compounds LTS0006138, LTS0117761, LTS0176515, LTS0102243, and LTS0018665 exhibited notable interactions with the catalytic residues of α-amylase in this study, particularly by forming hydrogen bonds with multiple residues within the enzyme. Furthermore, an analysis of the molecular properties and descriptors of these five compounds showed promising drug-like properties.

Conclusion: These compounds show promise as potential novel α-amylase inhibitors; nevertheless, further experimental validation is required to optimize their potency as α-amylase inhibitors. 

Method: A case-control study was conducted on children with ASD, 37 Kids with ASD participated in the current investigation and 46 kids as the control group, their ages were between 3-12 years. Children with ASD were divided into two subgroups depending on the severity of ASD using the Gilliam scale. Competitive and sandwich ELISA were used to measure the biochemical markers of this study.

Result: After blood samples were collected three parameters were measured (sphingomyelin, plasminogen, and docosahexaenoic acid). In medium ASD cases, the results display that there is a significant increase in all parameters (sphingomyelin, plasminogen, and docosahexaenoic acid) respectively [(OR:4.691, CI:1.289~17.068, p=0.014), (OR:7.5, CI:1.844~30.509, p=0.001), (OR:5.156, CI:1.412~18.831, p=0.001)]. On other hand, in under medium cases of ASD, there is a significant decrease in Sphingomyelin levels (OR:0.97, CI:0.356~0.836, p=0.001), plasminogen (OR: 0.5, CI: 0.169~0.560, p=0.05), and docosahexaenoic (OR: 0.22, CI: 0.63~1.771, p=0.003) when compared with the control group.

Conclusion: In sum, our results showed that these noninvasive parameters can be used as biomarkers for ASD diagnosis and disease propagation. More research needs to be done to cover other pathophysiology parameters with genetics analysis for ASD that can be used as prediction biomarkers. 

Method: A total of forty-four (ASD children) and forty-four (controls) were enrolled in this study with the age range of 2 – 11 years old. 25-OH Vitamin D3 and Human Vitamin D receptor measured from serum samples by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).

Result: 25-OH vitamin D3 and Vitamin D Receptor were significantly lower in ASD patients’ group than in control group. There is no significant correlation between 25 OH Vitamin D3 and VDR .The ROC analysis revealed that 25OHVD3 exhibited the highest diagnostic accuracy with sensitivity (100%) and specificity (100%). In comparison, the Vitamin D Receptor exhibited a lower diagnostic accuracy with an AUC of 0.888 , sensitivity ( 95.45%) and specificity only (63.64%).

Conclusion :The concentration of 25OHvitamin D3 was significantly lower  in ASD group which means that it can be used as a marker in the early stages of autism spectrum disorder. In contrast , the vitamin D receptor may not be as effective a marker in differentiating ASD cases from controls. 

Methods: Virtual screening based on structure, docking, & molecular dynamics approaches were adopted to identify potential lead molecules against UvrD-like helicase of Leishmania donovani from the MCULE database. Lipinski rule of five, N/O atoms (1-15), number of rings (1-2), HBDs (4-5), and HBAs (5-10) were applied as initial filters of SBVS. AutoDock Vina and GROMACS packages were used for docking and MD simulations, respectively. 

Results: Initial filters of SBVS workflow yielded 93885 ligand hits out of 100 plus million investigational ligands. Following the toxicology test, 28 ligands were gotten that were additional reduced to molecules (17) when accepted done the BOILED Egg model of the ADME. Six molecules were shortlisted with zero violation compliance of drug-likeness further than Lipinski RO5 viz., Egan, Veber, Muegge, Ghose, & bioavailability score having ΔG (-6.7 to -7.4 kcalmol-1) lesser than reference inhibitor miltefosine (-4.9 kcalmol^-1). The stability of MCULE-5754880195-0-2 was found to be greater than the known inhibitor and ligand molecules mentioned above.

Conclusion:  MCULE-5754880195-0-2 has all therapeutic features by way of an admirable oral drug molecule & could be encouraging in Leishmaniasis prevention & treatment. 

Methods: The methodology includes complex research steps, including malt preparation, mash production, and a thorough analysis of nitrogen fractions, which allows for a detailed study of the dynamics of proteolysis during beer mashing.

Results: In the obtained results, evaluating the amine nitrogen content in wort through chemical analysis unveils a consistent amine nitrogen level when thermal treatment of unmalted mash occurs between 100-138°C. Beyond this range, as the processing temperature of unmalted mash increases, there is a subsequent decrease in amine nitrogen content. Despite the efficient hydrolytic cleavage of starch in unmalted raw material due to elevated temperature treatment, the nitrogen content of the beer wort remains largely unaffected.

Conclusion: The authors conclude that increasing the heat treatment temperature of unmalted barley has a significant impact on the total soluble nitrogen content in the resulting beer wort. This increase is mainly attributed to the high-molecular-weight nitrogenous substances of fraction A, showcasing the potential for controlled proteolysis. Furthermore, the study suggests that achieving optimal proteolysis by employing malt with high proteolytic activity and conducting proteolysis of unmalted barley proteins prior to heat treatment enhances the overall brewing process. 

Methods: In this study, the detection of NABP2 (SSB-I) (Single-stranded DNA binding protein (ATM / MRN path-way)) expression through QRT-PCR is considered a key method. Depending on the Centre for Radiation Protection, employees exposed to weak doses of y -rays approximately (2-10) cGy could experience X-ray Geno toxicity. The exposure group worked in close proximity to the source (X-ray) and control group. Whole blood had been collected from all of the individuals, according to the findings.

Results: NABP2 (hSSBI) expression increased in people who were exposed for longer than lcGy and decreased in the controls. was enhanced as a result of the Geno toxicity caused by low doses of X-rays. X-ray oxidative stress stimulates. Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-binding proteins like OBFC2B, which bind to single-stranded DNA (NABP2; SSBI).

Conclusion: In the present study, the conclusion that has been reached is that the exposure of the individuals to the low dosages from the I-DIR had led to the occurrence of some slight symptoms that can't be noticed via outside signs as in the high dosages, therefore, it we have studied the changes in gene expression like XRCC-I, XRCC-2, FOXM-I, it was researched hSSB1 (NABP2) for the purpose of knowing effects of the I-DIR. Using radioisotopes in industry, science, and medicine, must be implemented in such a way as to keep the environment and people safe for a long time. 

Methods: After screening dozens of cases attending local clinics, we selected the suspected cases for additional tests and verification. Furthermore, all cases were inspected for postmortem changes and samples were collected from mouth and pharynx for microscopic examination and DNA isolation. We selected fifteen clinically suspected cases that have shown positive microscopic results. DNA samples were PCR amplified for the ITS-rDNA region, followed by sequencing and Phylogenetic analysis.

Results: Our research unveiled consistent manifestations among all positively diagnosed cases. Direct examination through wet mount smears revealed the presence of the parasite. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic investigation identified the B strain of the T. gallinae parasite in domestic pigeons within Basrah province, Iraq. This strain exhibited only two haplotypes in the region,  haplotype 1 and  haplotype 2. Furthermore, our study documented the prevalence of the B genotype of T. gallinae in domestic pigeons across various countries, including China, Iraq, Iran, and Saudi Arabia.

Conclusion: The verification of T. gallinae infection in domestic pigeons was achieved through a PCR technique that utilized the ITS rDNA region as a genetic marker. Furthermore, the application of haplotype network analysis provided evidence supporting the categorization of the T. gallinae parasite in domestic pigeons as belonging to the B strain. 

Methods: Twenty-four albino male rats were divided equally and randomly into two groups i.e., control group and intoxicated group. Uranyl acetate was given daily for 120 days by 0.05 mg/kg to the latter group. At the end of the experiment liver and kidney sample were taken for histopathological examination and stained by Masson-trichrome stain.

Results: The finding of eosin and hematoxylin stain and biochemical assay for CuZn-SOD U/mg and catalase K/mg protein were showed significantly elevated while liver tissue showed necrosis atrophy atherosclerosis cirrhosis and carcinoma characterized by irregular cell mitotic figure extensive fibrous tissue, tissue kidney presented interstitial hemorrhage and multiple granuloma.

Conclusion: Intoxicant by Uranyl acetate showed significant elevating for CuZn-SOD U/mg and catalase K/mg protein, in contrast liver tissue showed necrosis atrophy atherosclerosis cirrhosis and carcinoma, tissue kidney presented interstitial hemorrhage and multiple granulomas. 

Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-experimental studies on laughter therapy were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis which compared to the control group. The systematic review included English and non-English articles that were searched in CINAHL, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE electronic databases. Search terms included laugh, qigong, laughter therapy, humor, yoga, intervention, depression, middle age, menopause, and women. The article screening process was conducted by four authors independently and finally agreed upon by all. This systematic review and meta-analysis were reported according to the PRISMA guidelines. JBI critical appraisal tools were used to assess the quality of inclusion studies. The risk of bias was assessed using the risk of bias in non-randomized studies – of Interventions (ROBINS-I) assessment tool.

Results: A total of 3102 studies were examined, and two publications (two quasi-experimental studies) were included. Studies were included and evaluated by the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results indicated a significant decrease in depression among middle-aged women.

Conclusion: Laughter therapy demonstrated cost-effectiveness and exhibited no adverse effects in middle-aged women, making it a viable option for promoting health and reducing depression among middle-aged women.