Methods: In the current investigation, Aspergillus niger was utilized for Gluconic acid production in submerged fermentation. Furthermore, for Gluconic acid hyperproduction, the fungus Aspergillus niger was exposed to MNNG (100 µg/ml) for 15 minutes. Aspergillus niger strain (parent and mutant) was tested and identified for its capability of producing gluconic acid. We finished the molecular identification, in which we extracted the DNA from the  A. niger and amplified its ITS region using specific primers. We further sequenced the amplified product and created a phylogenetic tree employing the MEGA6 software.

Results: The tree results showed that our target sequence has 100% identity with Aspergillus niger, which proved that the isolated strain belongs to the Aspergillus genera. In addition, factors related to the production of gluconic acid were confirmed by cultivating the mutant strain A. niger (MG1) and the parent strain under several conditions. These included varying the pH (4-7), temperature (30-40°C), and the concentration of the carbon source (40-100 g/l). The outcomes displayed that the best pH was 5. The most favorable temperature was 30°C, and maximum production occurred at a carbon source concentration of 100 g/l, for both mutant and parent strains.

Conclusion: This study shows how microbial strains and substrates could be used to attain cost-effective hyperproduction of gluconic acid to achieve objectives of industrial significance.

Methods: Gold and silver nanoparticles (33-40 nm) were obtained from Nanomaterials at quantities of 5, 15, 25, and 35 µg mL⁻¹. The University of Kerbala Biology Department donated bacterial isolates for this investigation. Clinical specimens yielded Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Vitek-2 confirmed isolate identities and antibiotic susceptibility. Lung cancer was studied using A549 lung cancer cells from a 58-year-old Caucasian male's lung tissue.

Results: The results show that nano-gold complexes are more effective than silver nanoparticles against lung cancer. Gold nanoparticles exhibit a significant inhibitory concentration of 35 µg/ml, culminating in a 55 µg/ml anti-cancer effect, while silver nanoparticles have a maximum inhibition of 49 µg/ml. At a concentration of 35 µg/ml, gold nanoparticles inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a 29 mm zone.
No significant difference in cell growth inhibition was seen at lower dosages of 5, 15, and 25 µg/ml. The treatment's antioxidant and cytoprotective characteristics reduce paracetamol-induced oxidative stress, explaining this lack of difference. These findings imply that gold nanoparticles may protect against oxidative damage and cancer.

Conclusion: The cytotoxic effects of gold (AuNPs) and silver (AgNPs) on A549 human lung cancer cells were different. At 35 µg/mL, AuNPs inhibited cell growth by 55%, while AgNPs showed a 49% inhibition rate. AuNPs were more effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa than Staphylococcus aureus than AgNPs. These findings show that AuNPs may be useful in anticancer and antibacterial therapy, depending on nanoparticle concentration and target specificity.

Methods: This study collected samples from hypothyroidism patients and healthy individuals as the control group. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Cs-T, t-test, and P-values to compare the results of vitamin D quantities and anti-TPO levels between the two groups.

Results: The study found no statistically significant difference in the number of AA and AC genotypes between the two groups (p = 0.21 at a significance level of 0.05). However, a significant difference was observed in the quantity of CC, CT, and TT genotypes (p = 0.02). The mean vitamin D levels in healthy individuals were significantly different from those with thyroid gland conditions (p = 0.010), and there was a significant difference in the mean anti-TPO levels in the serum of healthy individuals and individuals with thyroid disorders (p < 0.0001). The correlation coefficient suggested a converse relationship between vitamin D concentration and anti-TPO concentration in both healthy individuals and those with autoimmune-thyroid conditions.

Methods: This is a community-based study conducted at the Khartoum vegetable market, where 219 sellers and consumers were consented and recruited consequently. Data on demographics and pesticides exposure was collected and blood for acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) activity was withdrawn and tested in a Lovibond machine.

Results: 139 (63.5%) of the participants were males with a mean age of 41.6 ± 12.9 years. Educational levels: 83 (37.9%) elementary school, 52 (23.8%) middle and high school, 54 (24.6%) college and above, and 30 (13.7%) were illiterate. More than half 129 (58.9%) were consumers and the remaining 90 (41.1%) were sellers. Univariate analysis revealed sellers having a significantly more proportion of impaired acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity compared to consumers, [33 (36.6%) versus 9 (7%), p-value 0.001]. Moreover, the mean (AChE) activity for whole respondents was lower than the physiologic mean of unexposed people (82.3% versus 87.5%). Independent t-test revealed significantly impaired (AChE) activity among sellers (74.9% versus 87.5%), (P-value = 0.001).

Conclusion: People exposed to agricultural chemical pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits have impaired (AChE), with a significantly lower rate of the enzyme among products’ sellers in reference to consumers and to the physiological values of unexposed. A larger community-based study evaluating exposures to pesticides is highly recommended.

Methods: Six rabbits weighing (1.8-2.5 kg), blood samples were collected from the rabbits and goats. Skin markings of 1cm in diameter were made on dorsal midlines. These wounds were allocated into four groups, control, autogenic, allogenic and heterogenic PRP treated groups. Planimetric monitoring to determine the diameter (mm) and histologically were performed at 3,7,15, and 21 days after injury.

Results: Clinically, on day fifteen there were improvements in wound contraction in Auto and Allo PRP groups, better than control. There was slight improvement in the heteroPRP group. After 21 days of wounding, the Auto and AlloPRP group’s wounds were completely closed. Histopathologically, after 1 week, the AutoPRP and AlloPRP groups revealed scab formation. However, in the XenoPRP and control groups the thick scab covers the incision line. After 2nd week of post wounding, the two treated groups were nearly similar compared with the XenoPRP and control group including scab detachment. At the end of the 3rd week, The NS group revealed scab formation partially detached. While all treated showed a complete regeneration of the epidermis layer, newly formed hair follicles beneath the regenerated epidermis layer.

Conclusion: For the promotion of wound repair processes, autogenic additionally allogenicPRP therapy may be a straightforward, affordable, and successful option.

Methods: This study aimed to understand the impact of the coronavirus healthcare crisis by examining SARS-CoV-2 prevalence and viral load patterns. A substantial population sample from Lahore's diagnostic center was analyzed. A total of 17,260 samples were received out of which 1548 samples were meticulously analyzed to study the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 patients by age group and gender between October 2021 and December 2022. CT ranges in positive cases were examined across various age groups. Descriptive statistics for viral load, factoring in gender, age, and vaccination status, were reported. To comprehensively assess the influence of gender and age on viral load, a multivariate analysis employing two-way ANOVA was conducted, yielding valuable insights.

Results: Among the sampled individuals, the positive patients (n=1250, 80.7%) were predominantly male (mean age 36.08 years), while females (n=298, 19.3%) had a mean age of 37.69. The positivity prevalence was 8.96% with CT values spanning 12 to 35. Mainly, cases occurred in CT ranges 26-30 (29.97%) and 31-35 (28.43%). Males showed higher mean viral load (25.88 ± 5.75) than females (23.25 ± 4.94). Age groups didn't significantly alter viral load; vaccination showed no significant viral load association. Gender and age collectively influenced viral load dynamics per multiple logistic regression.

Conclusion: The study emphasizes the significant SARS-CoV-2 burden and the necessity for sustained surveillance and prevention. Gender and age impacted viral load dynamics, while vaccination's direct influence was inconclusive. Investigating the intricate relationship between gender, age, viral load, and outcomes is warranted for improved epidemiological comprehension and effective prevention strategies.

Methods: Twenty-nine white Wistar rats were used for a total of 53 days. Four groups were set up; Group I (5 rats) was used as the negative control (CON). Group II (24 rats) was administered Concanavalin A (Con A) 20 mg/kg ip once a week for five consecutive weeks. Sixteen rats from group II were divided among groups III and IV after stoppage of Con A and injected with 2 x106 BM-MSCs via tail vein. Group III (TTT-12) rats were sacrificed after 12 days and Group IV (TTT-18) after 18 days. Morphological, biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical studies were conducted.

Results: The administration of BM-MSCs lowered elevated serum levels of AST by 47% after 12 days and 19% after 18 days whereas the level of ALT decreased by 13% and 20.8%in group Con A.  Serum inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) increased in the Con A group were decreased in treated groups by 27% and 23% in TTT-12 and 22.8% and 1.8% in TTT-18. In group TTT-12, the area of Kupffer cells immunostained with CD68 was significantly reduced by 72%, whereas the BM-MSCs immunostained with CD44 were more intense by increasing by 257%. The therapeutic effect of BM-MSCs in group TTT-12 exceeded that in TTT-18 decreasing liver enzymes, inflammation and fibrosis, and restoring liver structure.

Conclusions: BM-MSCs achieved a considerable short-term improvement in the AIH model; however, repeated injections were necessary to achieve a sustained therapeutic effect.

Methods: This is a cross sectional study on 94 non-small cell lung cancer tumor samples collected from teaching laboratories of Medical City Teaching Complex. The programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. PD-L1 protein expression level is established by usage of Tumor Proportion Score (TPS). The specimen would be regarded to possess positive PD-L1expression result if the TPS ≥ 1% and to have high PD-L1 expression if the TPS ≥ 50%. PD-L1 expression is then compared with different clincopathological features.

Results: Positive PD-L1 expression (≥1%) was seen in 39 cases (41.5%) of NSCLC patients. In 12 cases (12.7%), there was high expression in ≥50% of tumor cells. of NSCLCs. A non-significant association was found between age& PD-L1 scores. While PD-L1 levels were significantly expressed with higher levels in female patients than males.

Conclusions: High levels of PD-L1 expression is observed in a significant percentage of NSCLC. Immunohistochemistry is needed to reveal cases that benefit from immunotherapy. A lower patient age was correlated with higher PD-L1 expression.

Methods: The clinical samples were obtained using a non-invasive method from acne patients at the Dermatology Clinic of Hospital Tuanku Jaafar, Seremban, Malaysia between January 2022 to December 2022. Colonies of Cutibacterium spp. were screened on BHI agar followed by subjecting them to the catalase and indole tests. The isolates were verified as Cutibacterium spp. using API20A and 16s rRNA Sanger gene sequencing.

Result: Out of 68 Cutibacterium spp. isolates, 3 were identified as C. modestum and 1 as C. namnetense while the rest were C. acnes. All isolates were present as raised, white colonies with 0.03 to 1mm in diameter on BHI agar. 89.71% of these isolates were indole producers. All isolates were identified as C. acnes in API20A but, the 16srRNA gene sequencing revealed 4 isolates as C. modestum and C. namnetense.

Conclusion: This study is the first to report the isolation of C. namnetense and C. modestum in clinical facial acne samples from Malaysia and across Asia, employing a modified combination of morphological, biochemical, and 16srRNA gene analyses. This methodical yet straightforward approach serves as a viable alternative in research settings lacking access to advanced techniques like MALDI-TOF and shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Moreover, this conventional isolation approach is valuable in assessing the sensitivity of the isolates to inhibitory agents apart from antibiotics, expanding researchers' abilities to develop potent antibacterial agents required for human health and wellbeing.

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive-analytic design was employed, involving a purposive sample of 100 patients with cancer experiencing side effects from chemotherapy. A predesigned questionnaire evaluated the history of chemotherapy and its side effects, Psychological, social, and religious needs, and Level of independence in basic self-care and daily living skills. Descriptive and inferential statistics organized, tallied, and examined the gathered data. 

Results: The majority 88 percent of clients meet their needs moderately adequate, only 9 percent of clients meet their needs adequately and 3 percent of clients cannot meet their needs. The overall mean score was 20.99 (SD = 4.802) out of a maximum possible score of 24, indicating that most patients demonstrated autonomy in self-care effectiveness concerning daily activities. A significant correlation was observed between the levels of independence and the demographic variables of the patients. Additionally, there is a noteworthy positive correlation (r = 0.303) between mental health, social, and spiritual requirements and the degree of independence in essential self-care efficacy among cancer patients.

Conclusion: The health team's primary duty is to raise awareness of and provide an explanation of self-care management of the disease. This will help people adopt a positive mindset and teach them how to practice at standard levels.

Methods: We analyzed the bioactive components of MT using GC-MS and HPLC methods. The antioxidant activity was measured by the total phenolic, total flavonoid, DPPH, and radical ABTS scavenging. Furthermore, we evaluated the anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity using the human cell line HepG2. The MTT test was used to calculate the IC50 values of MT. Cell cycle and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry in the cell lines.

Result: Our findings demonstrated that 11 bioactive compounds with antioxidant potential were identified via GC/MS screening. Eighteen bioactive compounds with anti-cancer and antioxidant capabilities were found through HPLC screening. Furthermore, HPLC analysis demonstrated both high quality and number of amino acids. MT stops the growth of HepG2 cells at an IC50 level of 21.727±0.89 μg/ml. Moreover, MT arrested HepG2 cells in the G1 phase and induced apoptosis.

Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that bioactive MT extract has potential therapeutic effects on cancer cells, highlighting the need for further research to explore its mechanisms of action and therapeutic applications in cancer treatment.

Methods: Five LAB strains, including two strains of Lacticaseibacillus  rhamnosus and three strains of Enterococcus faecium isolated from honey samples, were examined for their probiotic potential through acid and bile salt resistance assays, bacterial cell surface hydrophobicity, autoaggregation, and coaggregation assays. In addition, cell free culture supernatant antibacterial activity of mentioned LAB strains was tested against E. coli (ATCC 25922), P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), K. pneumoniae (ATCC 13883), S. aureus (ATCC 25923), S. epidermidis (ATCC 12228), and S. pneumoniae (ATCC 6303) Further tests, such as those measuring hemolytic activity and antibiotic susceptibility, were also performed to evaluate their safety profile.

Results: All the LAB strains tolerated and survived the simulated gastrointestinal conditions: pepsin at acidic pH (3.0) and bile salt concentration (0.3%) at alkaline pH (8.0), with different levels of viability. According to antibacterial assays, L. rhamnosus (P0-2 L) and E. faecium (P0-4 L) exhibited the strongest inhibitory activities. Also, L. rhamnosus (P0-2 L) demonstrated high adhesive and aggregative properties. All strains tested negative for hemolytic activity, indicating safety for human consumption.

Conclusion: This study revealed that L. rhamnosus derived from Sidr honey may be used as a potential probiotic. This study also showed that honey from different regions can contain probiotics.

Methods: In the Indonesian province of East Java, a total of 112 raw milk samples were taken from various dairy farms.  10 ml of milk was collected from each cow using a sterile bottle. The Milk samples were transported to the laboratory under a cold chain and analyzed using standard microbiological procedures. Evaluation of S. aureus isolates for antibiotic susceptibility using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.

Results: Findings from this study showed that 100 (89.2%) out of 112 samples of raw milk taken from dairy farms in 2 regions located in Pasuruan and Lumajang yielded positive for S. aureus. The antibiotic sensitivity profile showed that Cefoxitin was the most effective with 2% resistance. The highest resistance recorded was against Ampicillin (78%). Resistance recorded against other antibiotics include Tetracycline (36%), Erythromycin (11%), and Amoxicillin (12%). Multidrug resistance was recorded for S. aureus isolates from 10 samples of raw milk.

Conclusion: The study's conclusions highlight the risk of milk contamination and the potential for S. aureus to develop multidrug resistance, both of which are harmful to human health. It is strongly recommended that strict hygiene practices be maintained and improved in dairy farms.

Methods: This study computationally screened the ZINC database natural compounds against the PDf using the PyRx 0.8. The SwissADME and ADMET AI web tools were utilized to evaluate the physicochemical and ADMET characteristics of the five selected compounds.

Results: The compounds ZINC1412, ZINC517261, ZINC621853, ZINC777954, and ZINC898952 were found to be higher-affinity binders than the positive control, interacting with critical PDf residues. Furthermore, the physicochemical and drug-like properties of these compounds demonstrated that they possess a range of safe and acceptable parameters. The ADMET properties of these compounds showed that they are within an acceptable range.

Conclusion: These compounds (ZINC1412, ZINC517261, ZINC621853, ZINC777954, and ZINC898952) can be used as PDf inhibitors against MDR bacteria after experimental validation.

Methods: The bioactive compound of A. cepa was obtained from the LOTUS database in ‘sdf’ format, and then converted into ‘pdbqt’ format. The prepared compounds library was screened against the double-mutated EGFR using the insilico tool PyRx 0.8 to determine the binding conformations with the lowest binding energies.

Result: Eighteen compounds were found to strongly bind with the EGFR protein and have lower binding energy than the cocrystal ligand, with the top five hits being LTS0258243, LTS0042303, LTS0058192, LTS0104946, and LTS0145270. The Asn842, Asp855, Lys745, Met790, Gln791, Leu792, Met793, Ala743, Leu844, Leu718, Val726, Thr854, and Phe723 residues of EGFR were important in binding to these hit compounds. In addition, these compounds have good drug-like properties.

Conclusion: The compounds LTS0258243, LTS0042303, LTS0058192, LTS0104946, and LTS0145270 can be used as EGFR inhibitors to manage lung cancer. However, additional experimental studies are required to validate these compounds as EGFR inhibitors.

Methods: The in vitro step up NaCl treatment method was used to produce salt-tolerant calli from salt-sensitive Basmati rice varieties. The regeneration of these salt-tolerant calli in a salt-free medium led to the M1 generation. Subsequently, M2 and M3 generations were cultivated and garnered under salt stress conditions.

Results: The highest callus induction percentage was achieved for all Basmati rice varieties by using MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D. These calli underwent in vitro step up NaCl treatments, with the maximum tolerance level to NaCl being 1.0% across all varieties. Bas-385 and Bas-2000 exhibited regeneration frequencies of 75% and 85% respectively when cultured in MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L BAP and 0.5 mg/L NAA, while Sup-Bas displayed a regeneration frequency of 79% in MS medium comprising 3.0 mg/L BAP with 0.5 mg/L NAA. In subsequent M2 and M3 generations, a decline was observed in all selected agronomic and morphological features in all varieties under salinity stress in comparison to parent plants.

Conclusion: This research validates the induction of salt tolerance in salt susceptible varieties of Basmati rice by in vitro step up NaCl treatment technique.

Methods: In this study, we computed the quantum computation data for amitriptyline (AMT) using density function theory (DFT) and molecular docking techniques. We evaluated the shifts in H-NMR and 13C-NMR using the GIAO approach and compared the obtained results with the experimental spectra. We conducted molecular docking, using two receptors to identify the most optimal interactions between ligands and proteins.

Results:  The study showed that the geometrical parameters (bond lengths, angles, and torsion angles) from DFT were very close to the experimental data, with an average discrepancy of 0.01 Å to 0.03 Å. We obtained comparable experimental and theoretical spectroscopic data. We performed molecular docking investigations on the 4IB4 and 8IRV proteins.

Conclusion: This study investigates the properties of AMT at the quantum mechanical level. This paper meticulously investigates several significant parameters, comparing calculated spectroscopic results (UV, FTIR, HNMR, and CNMR) to experimental data. This study demonstrates the specified molecule's non-linear optical properties. When docking the molecule with the two proteins, we calculate the binding energy to be -8.9 and -9.6 kcal/mol, indicating that the compound merits further investigation for its medicinal applications.

Methods: Thirty-two female rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: a negative control group receiving chlorine-free water, a positive control group receiving tap water with chlorine (0.05 ppm/L), a group exposed to chlorine (5 ppm/L) in water, and a group exposed to chlorine (5 ppm/L) along with ethanolic ginseng extract (200 mg/kg body weight). Treatment lasted for four weeks.

Results: revealed that oral exposure to chlorine led to oxidative stress, evidenced by elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and liver enzymes (AST & ALT), as well as suppressed blood parameters (PCV, HB, and RBC count), and histological liver alterations compared to the normal control group. Conversely, administration of ginseng extracts alongside chlorine for four weeks reduced MDA levels and liver enzyme activity while enhancing blood parameters, accompanied by decreased inflammatory histological changes.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that ginseng extract possesses potent antioxidant activity, mitigating chlorine-induced toxicity and its associated pathophysiological consequences. 

Methods: This study investigates bioactive compounds of Catharanthus roseus as potential EGFR and ERα inhibitors. Protein-ligand interactions, which are important in drug design, were assessed using the PyRx 0.8 virtual screening tool. The LOTUS database was used to generate a bioactive compound library (N = 291) of C. roseus constituents. The physiochemical properties of selected hits were investigated to identify lead-like compounds.

Result: Among the screened compounds, five compounds namely, LTS0049153, LTS0192836, LTS0084120, LTS0052616, and LTS0199033 exhibited strong binding to ERα and EGFR, and interacted with key amino acid residues of ERα and EGFR proteins. These compounds have favorable physiochemical properties and meet Lipinski's criteria.

Conclusion: The compounds LTS0049153, LTS0192836, LTS0084120, LTS0052616, and LTS0199033 can be used as ERα and EGFR inhibitors for BC treatment. However, more experimental validation is needed to optimize these compounds as ERα and EGFR inhibitors.

Methods: Eight to twelve weeks old wild-type (WT) and androgen receptor knockout (ARKO) male mice (C57BL/6) were utilized. Treg cells in diverse lymphoid organs were separated with an easySep selection kit and sorted with FACSAria. Treg cells were phenotypically and functionally characterized by flow cytometry analysis (FACS) and an in vitro immune suppressive assay. 

Results: Significantly Lower prevalence of thymic and peripheral Treg cells were noted in ARKO mice compared to the WT mice. Sorted ARKO Treg cells were functionally less suppressive than their counterparts in WT mice.

Conclusion: Our data suggest that the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway may be implicated in Treg cell expansion and function. To our knowledge, this study is the first to look into how AR knockout affects Treg cells. Therefore, it might flashlight the mechanisms of inflammatory and autoimmune disease.

Methods: Sixty six Iraqi HBV patients were involved in a case-sectional control study. From September 2021 to February 2022, blood samples were taken from Al-Yarmook Teaching Hospital and Central Public Health Laboratory in Baghdad. ELISA verified HBV markers, HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, and HBcAb in all samples, and real-time PCR estimated viral load from DNA. The research found that miR122 and miR150 gene expressions affect HBV fibrosis severity.

Results: The gene expression of miR-122 and miR-150 was found using RT-PCR after normalization with Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a common housekeeping gene. The analysis of variance found substantial differences between patients and controls. The research found a considerable downregulation of miRNA-122 and miRNA-150 in HBV-infected individuals.

Conclusions: Depending on HBV severity, miRNA levels may vary. HBV patients, especially those with fibrosis and chronic HBV, have reduced miR122 and miR150. MiR-122 and miR-150 may be interesting HBV diagnostic, fibrosis progression, and therapeutic targets.

Methods: This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and five replications. The negative control group received distilled water, while the positive control group was injected with alloxan (150 mg/kgBW) and treated with metformin (50 mg/kg BW). Treatment groups (P1, P2, and P3) received alloxan (150 mg/kg BW) and Ruellia tuberosa L. extract at doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg BW, respectively. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, and if the extract showed an effect on the kidney condition, post hoc analysis with the Mann-Whitney test was performed.

Results: The results of the study showed that there was kidney damage characterized by glomerular necrosis, degeneration of tubular cells, and necrosis of renal tubular cells due to alloxan induction. However, giving Ruellia tuberosa L. extract at doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kgBW can prevent kidney damage.

Conclusion: The data analysis results indicate that the Ruellia tuberosa L. leaf extract can prevent kidney damage in alloxan-induced diabetic white rats, with the recommended effective dose of 800 mg/kgBW. 

Methods: We divided 24 healthy male rats into four groups for this experimental animal study (Rattus norvegicus). The researchers named the group that received cisplatin alone the Cis group. The group given cisplatin and thymoquinone at 25 mg/kg/day was called the Cis+TQ25 group. The group given cisplatin and thymoquinone at 50 mg/kg/day was called the Cis+TQ50 group. The group that gets nothing is called the control group. On day 10, we will test the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in rat cochlear tissue using an immunohistochemistry examination.

Results: The Cis group significantly decreased the expression of SOD in cochlear tissue (26.64±5.02) compared to the control group (64.18±5.93) with a p = 0.000. The Cis+TQ25 group (51.95±2.98) and the Cis+TQ50 group (56.19±5.43) significantly increase SOD expression in cochlear tissue compared to the Cis group (26.64±5.02) with a p = 0.009 and a p = 0.002.

Conclusion: Thymoquinone decreases oxidative stress caused by cisplatin by upregulating SOD expression in Wistar rat cochlea.

Methods: Protein structures of overexpressed genes in HCC, including RACK1, were retrieved from the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Active binding sites on RACK1 were identified for potential ligand interactions. A library of 12,000 phytochemicals was sourced from PubChem, ZINC, and MP3D databases and screened against RACK1 using the PyRx virtual screening tool. The top candidates were analyzed for pharmacokinetic properties using ADMETsar. Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to study ligand-receptor interactions and validate the potential drug candidates.

Results: The study identified promising phytochemical compounds (Pubchem11059920, Pubchem118855584, Pubchem3086637, Pubchem442813 and Pubchem88708) capable of binding to RACK1 with high affinity. These compounds exhibited favorable ADMET properties, indicating their potential as drug candidates. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed stable and significant interactions between the identified ligands and RACK1, supporting their inhibitory potential.

Conclusion: This research highlights RACK1 as a viable therapeutic target for HCC. The identified drug candidates demonstrate potential to inhibit RACK1 function, offering a pathway to suppress HCC progression at its early stages. These findings provide a foundation for the development of effective and targeted treatments for HCC. 

Methods: The study included 40 samples of local wheat grains and 40 samples of wheat flour were collected randomly for the summer seasons from 4 silos in Baghdad, Maysan silo and Al- Basra silos in the south, and Erbil silo and Kirkuk silo in the northern region during July and August 2022.

Results: The results of the study showed the spread of many types of pathological spores that were isolated from wheat flour and local wheat, and also the chemical analysis indicated the presence of mycotoxins the following silos (Al-Dora, Al-Taji, Al-Khan, Maysan, Al- Basra, Kirkuk) in a percentage affecting human health.

Conclusions: The statistical analysis data shows  significant difference (p ≤ 0.05)  for local wheat and  local flour, the temperature and moisture associated with storage and grind respectively, most specimens of domestic wheat and the flour produced from them contain more total coliforms and fungi than the permissible limit.

Methods: The current study was conducted in Baghdad /Iraq, in which forty paraffin-embedded blocks of breast tissue from women patients diagnosed with breast cancer were collected and selected to be triple-negative breast cancer. Immunohistochemical staining of Annexin A2 and Annexin A6 markers was performed for this sample with a correlation of the results with clinicopathological parameters, including tumor grade and stage.

Results: The study demonstrates a significant association between Annexin A2 and Annexin A6 expression and a significant association between Annexin A2 expression and tumor grade and stage in triple-negative breast cancer in this group of Iraqi patients.

Conclusions: This study displays the role of Annexin A2 and Annexin A6 in triple-negative breast cancer and suggests the role of Annexin A2 in the progression, metastasis, and prognosis of this special type of breast cancer by its association with advanced tumor grade and stage.

Methods: Soil samples from Al-Dora oil plant Baghdad, Iraq, were cultured in nutritional agar medium containing 0.5% of corn cob xylan for determination of xylanase producers and measuring of xylanase activity, after that xylanaseproducers were identified. The xylanase was purified with DEAE-cellulose chromatography and the percentage of hydrocarbon degradation was calculated after treatment of hydrocarbon-contaminated soil with purified xylanase and detection of hydrocarbon degradation percentage.

Results: Pseudomonas putida had the highest productivity for xylanase in comparison with other Pseudomonas species such as Pseudomonas syringae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which revealed lower levels in xylanase production. Ammonium salt saturation and ion exchange chromatography were used to purify the xylanase enzyme on a DEAE-cellulose column with ultimate recovery of 43% and 4.3 fold of purification. With pure xylanase, hydrocarbons degraded over time, peaking after two weeks and then progressively diminishing.

Conclusions: Pseudomonas putida is the best producer foe xylanase than other species. The purified xylanase led to removal of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil with time increasing manner until maximum removal after 15 days. Authors recommend using xylanase for cleaning up of oil-contaminated areas. Therefore, employing microorganisms as biological tools may be a more feasible way to handle one of the most serious issues in modern society which might be a more workable and affordable way to minimize waste and preserve natural resources.

Methods: Fifteen different Bacillus isolates were isolated and evaluated for their ability to inhibit S. batatacola's growth. The promising bacterial isolate was molecularly identified using NCBI-Blast and phylogenetic tree analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. Batch fermentation was performed in a stirred tank bioreactor to maximize culture biomass and secondary metabolite synthesis. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to discover secondary metabolite compounds.

Results: The KSAS6 isolate was the most effective for inhibiting the fungal growth of mycelial cells, with a 48.2% inhibition percentage. The probable biocontrol agent, B. amyloliquefaciens strain KSAS6, was identified and recorded in GenBank under the accession number PQ271636. The culture biomass and secondary metabolites were maximized by the batch fermentation technique, reaching the highest achievable level of 2.1 g L-1 at 11 hours. This was accomplished while maintaining a steady specific growth rate (µ) of 0.13 h-1. Based on the observations, the biomass yield coefficient was found to be 0.37 g cells/g glucose. Among the 21 secondary metabolite compounds identified in GC-MS analysis, diisooctyl phthalate was the highest compound (43.31%).

Conclusion: The strain of rhizobacterium B. amyloliquefaciens known as KSAS6 can inhibit the growth of S. bataticola, which makes it a promising candidate for the biocontrol of fungal infections in plants.

Methods: A total of 58 patients with proven hematological malignancies at The Basrah Center for Oncology and Hematology were included. Blood samples were inoculated into bottles of Bract/Alert blood culture system and sent to the reference lab for study. Culture from positive bottles were plated on appropriate media, and incubated at 37°C and 30°C for bacterial and fungal isolation, respectively. A bacterial suspension with turbidity equal to 0.5 McFarland (1.5 × 108 CFU/mL) was prepared and used for the Vitec2 system (bioMerieux). Statistical analysis using SPSS software version 26 was used for statistical analysis.

Results: Among 58 patients with approved hematologic malignancies, 29.31% (n:17) samples established positive blood culture. Of them, 9 were gram-negative (15.52%) and 4 were gram-positive bacteria (6.89%), 1 was gram-positive bacillus facultative anaerobe (1.73) and, 3 patients (5.17%) showed fungemia.

Conclusion: Thirty- five % of the samples studied were culture-positive. The most frequent microorganisms were gram-positive bacteria. CRP is a useful predictor of mortality for febrile neutropenic patients.

Methods: A comprehensive literature survey was conducted to identify CYP1B1 mutations in Pakistani Patients. Ensemble was used to identify missense mutations. 3-D modeling of the mutants was done using I-Tasser. Potential deleterious effects and pathogenicity were evaluated using PolyPhen-2. The effects of amino acid substitutions on protein function were assessed using SIFT analysis, scoring pathogenic mutations from 0.0 to 1.0 in decreasing order. The secondary structure of the mutated protein was predicted using PSIRED. MusiteDeep server identified potential phosphorylation sites, while Pfam database examined the potentially mutated domains. The potential effects on other genes were evaluated using Gene MANIA server and STRING databases

Results: A total of 5 hotspot mutations—4 missense (c.716C>G/p. A115P, c.988G>T/p. A330F, c.355G>T/p. A119S, and c.1058C>T/p. E229K) and 1 frameshift mutation (c.1325delC/p. P442Efs*15)—were identified among Pakistani patients. A119S was the most common mutation. 3-D modeling of the mutant proteins using i-Tasser revealed the global topology of the variants. Moreover, the phylogenetic tree of the CYP1B1 gene revealed its closest association with Phodopus roborovskii. Secondary structure of the mutant had six alpha helices, six coils, and six extracellular structures. Potential phosphorylation was identified in two nsSNP residues.

Conclusion: This in silico analysis contributes to understanding the structural and functional implications of CYP1B1 gene mutations. These insights can potentially help in the development of new targeted and personalized treatments for PCG patients.