Volume 7, issue 4

Methods:  In this study, one of the most common uniforms used in the Iranian military was treated by permethrin (0.125 mg. permethrin ai/cm²) and evaluated against the natural population of day-biting mosquitoes, in the rural area with Eight participants, three of them put on the treated uniforms and the other one of them wore the untreated uniforms and Four officers were also appointed as collectors.

Results: The average number of bites in those who wore untreated uniforms (control) was 1.8/min/person (107.8/hr), while it was 0.16 (9.83/hr) for treated uniforms. The protection of treated uniforms was about 91%. The knockdown rate for Culex and Aedes mosquitoes was 95.92% and 94.44%, respectively. The mortality rate in Culex was 98.59% and 98.61% in Aedes mosquitoes when exposed to treated uniforms.

Conclusion: In this study, military uniforms impregnated with permethrin showed significant protection against the bites of Culex and Aedes mosquitoes. This intervention can be used to protect military personnel from the bites of Culex and Aedes these mosquitoes and to reduce the diseases transmitted by these mosquitoes. 

Methods: In this experiment, 180 one-day old chicks were randomly distributed into 6 treatments. Each treatment was divided into 3 replicates having 10 chicks each. Feed was offered ad-libitum to broilers. Six treatments; G1 {(basal diet + antibiotic growth promoter (enramycin) + coccidiostat (salinomycin)}, G2 (basal diet without antibiotic growth promotor and coccidiostat), G3 (basal diet + 0.5% papaya extract), G4 (basal diet + 1.0% papaya extract), G5 (basal diet + 1.5% papaya extract) and G6 (basal diet + 2.0% papaya extract) were designed. Blood samples were taken for serum biochemistry, hematology and titer against Newcastle disease. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance technique by completely randomized design using SAS and Tukey’s test were used for comparison of means.

Results: Birds received various level of papaya extract had no effect on serum biochemistry and hematology parameters except triglyceride levels which were significantly lower in G2 (15.00±15.00, commercial diet) and G6 (17.43±9.87, commercial diet + 2% papaya extract) at 17^th day and 35^th day where it failed to show significant difference. However, Newcastle disease and infectious bursal disease titers were not affected by the treatments.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that papaya leaf extract may be used in broiler diet as commercial antibiotics replacement. 

Methods: Pathogen Vibrio spp. were isolated from shrimps and fishes, and were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Genetic diversity of Vibrio strains was analysis by RAPD technique. Specific PCR product for V. shilonii was cloned and sequenced. SCAR marker was developed from specific PCR product.

Result: Twenty random primers were evaluated for RAPD to identify DNA polymorphisms between Vibrio species. The random primer OPN-06 generated a 468-bp DNA fragment specific for V. shilonii. This was then converted into a sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker designated N6-441.

Conclusion: Specific primers (Vshi-441F/Vshi-441R) amplified a unique DNA fragment in all V. shilonii isolates but not in the other Vibrio spp. This PCR assay showed significantly sensitive to the target DNA and reliably for the amplification the V. shilonii genome. 

Method: E. coli and S. aureus isolates of clinical origin were sub-cultured on MacConkey’s and Mannitol salt agar media, respectively. To confirm the Methicillin resistance in S. aureus, mecA gene was detected by the PCR using gene specific forward and reverse primers. The bacteriophages were isolated using enrichment procedure from cow manure. Their antibacterial and anti-biofilm formation activity was determined through the inhibition of bacterial growth and decrease in the absorbance of Crystal Violet through biofilm inhibition assay, respectively.

Results: The isolated phages showed clear plaque formation against MRSA and E. coli species. The time-dependent lytic assay showed a sharp decline in OD₆₀₀ of MRSA and E. coli after one hour incubation with the phages. Biofilm inhibition was indicated by a decrease in the absorbance (OD₅₉₅) of CV in a microtiter well plate

Conclusion: This is perhaps the first study to isolate phages from cow manure at local region and demonstrate their lytic efficiency against MRSA and E. coli, with the ultimate aim to use them as a promising biocontrol agent against antibiotic resistant pathogens. 

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 in the Hygiene Service of the Sidi-Othmane district (Casablanca) in 526 diabetic patients. Quality of life was estimated using the SF-36 questionnaire to determine factors that affect mental or physical health. We used Pearson's correlation test for continuous variables and ANOVA for discontinuous variables.

Results: Our patients have an average of life quality considering PCS and MCS respectively (38.47 ± 9.28; 41.15 ± 10.55). Association analyses showed on the one hand associations between the PCS and the gender (p = 0.0001), professional activity (p = 0.0001), marital status (p = 0.0001) and with chronic complications (p = 0.0001). On the other hand, between physical activity and PCS (p = 0.0001) and with MCS (p = 0.0001), between the level of instruction and the PCS and MCS dimensions respectively (p = 0.0001; p = 0.011) between acute complications and PCS and MCS dimensions respectively (p = 0.0001; p = 0.001). The correlation study showed inverse correlations between PCS and age (p = 0.0001), the diabetes duration (p = 0.0001), HbA1c (p = 0.037), and BMI (p = 0.008), and between MCS, and BMI (p = 0.0001).

Conclusion: The presence of one of these factors (female, advanced age, high diabetes duration, complications, and unbalanced diabetes, low level of education, physical inactivity, and professional inactivity) leads to poor life quality. 

Methods: In present study genetic diversity of Nili Ravi buffalo population was assessed. A total of 196 unrelated Nili Ravi buffaloes from Punjab, Pakistan were sampled in this study. Genomic DNA was extracted and subjected to amplification using FAO recommended 12 Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) microsatellite markers. Among 12 microsatellite loci, 11 were successfully amplified (TGLA227, BM2113, ETH10, SPS115, TGLA126, TGLA122, INRA23, BM1818, ETH3, ETH225 and BM1824) whereas microsatellite locus TGLA53 was not amplified. Amplicons were resolved by genetic analyzer instrument and gene mapper software. Allele count, frequencies, gene diversity, heterozygosity, polymorphic information content (PIC) and linkage disequilibrium values were calculated by using Microsatellite toolkit v3 and Power Marker version 3.25.

Results: A total of 96 alleles were detected in 196 samples with average of 8.73 alleles per locus and range of 5 alleles (ETH 3) to 18 alleles (ETH 225) per locus. Gene diversity ranged from 0.198 (BM1824) to 0.841 (ETH225), observed heterozygosity values ranged from 0.081 (ETH10) to 0.831 (BM2113) and PIC values ranged from 0.191 (BM1824) to 0.825 (ETH225).

Conclusion: This study which will serve as a baseline to understand genetic dynamics of Nili Ravi buffalo breed. Highly polymorphic nature of STR markers will help in understanding effects of various breed improvements efforts on genetic diversity of Nili Ravi breed in future studies. 

Methods: Kashmiri families were enrolled from different divisions of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. By employing linkage analysis all the families were screened for loci common in Pakistani population. Families linked with DFNB39 locus were subjected to direct sequencing for mutational analysis of variants prevalent in Pakistani population.

Results: Sanger sequencing identified a noncoding c.482+1986_1988delTGA variant of HGF as recurrent mutation in Kashmiri population. These findings implicate this HGF variant as major contributing variant of hearing impairment in Kashmiri families with a frequency of 8.8%.

Conclusion: This is the first study conducted to elucidate the founder effect and prevalence of HGF variants in Kashmiri population. This study increases the prevalence of HGF variants associated with hearing impairment in the Kashmiri families.